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There are many ways to collect contaminants in liquids. Apparatus made of filter material to capture contaminants is called a filter. Magnetic materials used to trap magnetic contaminants are called magnetic filters. In addition, there are electrostatic filters and separation filters. In hydraulic systems, all contaminant particles collected in the fluid are called hydraulic filters. The most widely used hydraulic filters are magnetic filters and electrostatic filters for hydraulic systems, in addition to the use of porous materials or wound slits to intercept contaminants.

When the above-mentioned contaminants are mixed into the hydraulic fluid, they can cause damage in various places as the hydraulic fluid circulates, which can seriously affect the normal operation of the hydraulic system. Flowing small holes and gaps are stuck or blocked; damage the oil film between relative moving parts, scratch the surface of the gap, increase internal leakage, reduce efficiency, increase heat generation, aggravate the chemical effect of the oil, and make the oil deteriorate. According to production statistics, more than 75% of the failures in hydraulic systems are caused by impurities mixed in the hydraulic oil. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the cleanliness of the oil and prevent oil pollution to the hydraulic system.

The general hydraulic filter is mainly composed of a filter element (or screen) and a housing (or skeleton). Many tiny slits or pores on the filter element constitute the flow area of the oil. Therefore, when the size of impurities mixed in the oil is larger than these tiny gaps or pores, they will be blocked and filtered out from the oil. Because different hydraulic systems have different requirements, it is not possible to completely filter the impurities mixed in the oil, and sometimes it is not necessary to be demanding.